Elsie_Mawamba

Vocabulary Term + Part of Speech + Definition(in your own words) + Sample Sentence Place Found (with link if relevant)

Ontology (n)- The study of nature and the basic classifications along with the relationships between them. In science class, we often use **ontology** to understand the relationship between animal species.//[|Ground Rules for Good Research]: A 10 Point Guide for Social Researchers

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9


 * Week 1** - **Vocabulary for Week Ending Friday July 3 ** //


 * 1) **Zoo**: (N) A place where animals, usually wild ones are kept and protected to avoid loose of species. Sometimes, it is exposed for people to discover or to see. One can have elephants, lions, snakes, in a zoo. __//Reading for Thinking//__. Laraine Flemming.
 * 2) **Insist: (**V) To emphasize on something, to say something again and again. Usually, people insist that others should accept their opinion. //CS2 class.//
 * 3) **Desire**: (N) or (V) To have a strong feeling about something. A person can desire to travel or to be in a particular country which they have been dreaming of. CS2 class.
 * 4) **Cherish**: (V) A special feeling that someone enjoys. We often cherish the memory of a particular good event that happened in our life. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 5) **Lottery**: (N) A random selection. Lottery can be established to select people without discrimination for a particular task. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 6) **Soar**: (V) To raise up, to fly right up in the sky. With his parachute, he was like soaring in the sky. //CS2 course//.
 * 7) **Exhibit**: (V) To expose or show. Many cultural and traditional items are usually exhibited in museums in my country. //CS2 course.//
 * 8) **Loyalty**: (N) Good moral attitude, that is stick to one's principles. People like Mary's company because of her loyalty. //CS2 course.//
 * 9) **Depression**: (N) A falldown, usually used for attitude following discouragement. Since John failed his exam and lost the opportunity to be granted a scholarship, he became depressed. //CS2 course.//
 * 10) **Scream:** (N) A big voice or cry. Babies usually scream at their birth. //CS2 course.//
 * 11) **Perception**: (N) A way of using senses to feel. Some children are born with a very high perception. //LNS pt1 course.//
 * 12) **Strategy**: (N) A particular way of doing something. Gifted children have particular strategies that other children do not have. //LNS pt1 course.//
 * 13) **Superstition**: (N) A belief in something we do not know or we are not sure of. Too much superstitions have made some people to lose their ability of thinking in a reasonable manner. //Comments about __Adventures of Huckleberry Finn__.//
 * 14) **Civilization**: (N) A way of creating and adding new elements to natural ones. Civilization in some African countries has brought along new ways of thinking. //Comments on __Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.__//
 * 15) **Controversy**: (N) Opposition, different options of thesame issue. Students' ideas about the topic the teacher gave in class were controversial. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 16) **Phenomenal**: (A) Wonderful, great. Phenomenal is usually used to talk about things scarcely seen or known. //__Reading for Thinking__//.Flemming.
 * 17) **Hinder**: (V) To be a disrupt or an obstacle to something. The domestic works Anna did hindered her success in the university. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 18) **Philosophical:** (A) Challenging, difficult to understand. Abraham's views of racism were very philosophical. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 19) **Appalling:** (A) Disgusting, something that is not good to be seen or to be listened to. The appalling ideas of the author made the audience to be upset. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 20) **Invalid**: (A) Untrue, Something that cannot be verified. According to the judge's verdict in court, Tony's arguments were invalid. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 21) **Persuade**: (V) To convince, to strongly bring someone to do something. Sandra's parents persuaded her to enroll in the university rather than to seek a temporary job. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 22) **Enhance**: (V) To increase. The economy downfall was due to the fact that the population enhanced over the passed few years. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 23) **Riot**: (V) To rise and fight against something. A group of citizens rioted the new government policy. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 24) **Injustice**: ( N) An unfair atitude towards somebody or something. Mary rioted against the injustices she were submitted to. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 25) **Flexible**: (A) Change, variation. Many languages around the world are flexible. //Oral communication with classmates//.


 * Week 2**
 * 1) **Desire**: (V)to show, explain a fact clearly. The housewife demonstrated the recipe to the househelp. __//Reading for Thinking//__. Flemming.
 * 2) **Fulfillment**: (N) To get, do or achieve something you wanted. The best way to achive your goal is to work hard. //__Reading For Thinking__//.Flemming.
 * 3) **Effective**: (A) Producing the result that was wanted or expected. The last draft of Mary's composition was effective. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 4) **Arrogant**:(A) Behaving in a rude way because of the thought of being more important than others. John answered the question with an arrogant tone.//__Reading for Thinking__//, Flemming.
 * 5) **Establish**: (V) To set up or start something that has never existed before. The government has established a new policy for language use. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 6) **Challenge** (V) or (N) A confrontgation, or being ready to face something.The first year i did an internship in the ministry of education was a real challenge. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming
 * 7) **Confine**: (A) To be enclosed, limited in the way that things cannot be moved around. The kitchen utensils werw enclosed in a confined room behind the house. //__Reading for Thinking__.// Flemming.
 * 8) **Exception**: (N) A special case. Many grammar rules have exceptions. __//Sourcework.//__
 * 9) **Rigorous**: (A) strict, accurate, that require much attention. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 10) **Crucial**: (A) with a great importance: Knowing the different methods and steps of paraphrasing is crucial. __//Sourcebook.//__
 * 11) **Relevant**: (A) Closely appropriate to the current subject. The first argument Nelson gave in the beginning of the debate was relevant enough. __//Reading for Thinking//__. Flemming.
 * 12) **Recognize**: (V) Identify, be able to look or think about something or somebody and have an idea about them. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 13) **Seldom**: (A) Not common, scarcely found or said. Strawberries are seldom sold in Cameroon. //__Reading for thinking__.// Flemming
 * 14) **Alter**: (V) Change, to become another. Some dialects in africa alter as one moves from on region to the other.//__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 15) **Dispute**: An argument about a topic, something or somebody. The dispute was so serious that i was afraid it could make enemies. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming.
 * 16) **Distinction**: (N) A difference between. To state the distinction between two things is to tell what makes one different from the other. //__Reading for Thinking.__// Flemming.
 * 17) **Appalling**: (A) Disgusting, awful, not very good to be dealt with. The images i saw in the television about a plane crash were appalling. //__Reading for Thinking__//.
 * 18) **Invalidate**: (V) incorrect, to refuse to accept . The computer invalidates many passwords. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 19) **Persuade**: (V) To bring someone to accept our opinion. I persuaded my younger sister not to attend the party. //__Reading for thinking__//.
 * 20) **Abundance**: (N)The overflowing of something. The abundance of food in certain regions in Africa is a pertinent issue. //__Reading for Thinking__//. Flemming
 * 21) **Condense**: (A) To reduce in order to make a small element. We usually condense a text in order to have a summary. //__Sourcework__.//


 * Week 3**


 * 1) **Procrastination**: (N) Postpone something you must do generally because you are afraid of it negative effects. Due to procrastination, i never decided on my research topic. //__Sourcebook__.//
 * 2) **Overwhelm**: (V) To have a strong emotion and feeling. I was overwhelmed by his speech. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 3) **Motivation**: (N) The reason of your action, what pushed somebody to do something. My younger sister always succeed in her studies because of my mother's motivation. //Sourcework.//
 * 4) **Expectation**:(N) Belief that something will happen. I hope my experience in Ohio University will be up to my expectations. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 5) **Indecisive**:(A) Not able to make decisions quickly. Five years ago, i was actually indecisive about my carrier. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 6) **Burnout**:(N) Physical or mental collapse. The death of Jane's father resulted in a mental burnout. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 7) **Multilingual**:(A) Being able to use more than two languages. Cameroon is a multilingual country. __Reader's Choice__.
 * 8) **Proliferation**:(N) Increase rapidly in number. The proliferation of industry in Cameroon has caused pollution of the society. //__Reader's Choice__//.
 * 9) **Restructure**: (V) Structure again, put things together again to form a whole. I had to restructure elements of my outline before submitting it to the teacher.//__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 10) **Prediction:** (V) Statement saying that something will happen. Jane's prediction that her brother will get married soon was not false. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 11) **Consistent**:(A) Unchanging, always behaving in the same way or being the same. The student's abbreviations in her notes were very consistent. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 12) **Competition**:(N) Activity of trying to win or gain something by defeating other people. The football competition between Cameroon and Egytt was very challenging since the two teams did all their best and the score did not improve. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 13) **Aspiration**:(V) A strong desire to achieve or become something. Michael's aspirations were too high for him to meet. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 14) **Current**:(N) Happening or being used now. Abortion is one of the current isssue in many communities today. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 15) **Forseeabl**e: (A) Something that can be seen or predicted before. Marc was sad about her friend's forseeable future. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 16) **Definite**:(A) Clearly stated or decided. You have to go through a definite argument to be able to convince the old woman. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 17) **Surpass**:(V) To be greater or better than something or somebody. According to many people, no one can surpass God. //Reader's Choice.//
 * 18) **Firmly**:(A) Showing determination and strength of character. My uncle firmly stated that he will not be part of the family meeting that required all the members. //Reader's choice.//
 * 19) I**ntrusion**:(N) The action of coming into a place or situation when not welcomed or not invited. Irene considered the arrival of her sister's friend to her party as an intrusion. __//Reader's Choice.//__
 * 20) **Disappear**:(V) To cease to exist, stop being visible. It was awful to see the singer disappear from the scene in the middle of the song. __//Reader's Choice.//__
 * 21) **Awful**:(A) Very bad or unpleasant. My classmate's presentation was awful because she did not prepare it. //__Reader's Choice__.//
 * 22) **Folklore:**(N) Traditional customs of a community. Cameroon's folklore is very diversified. //NPR News//.
 * 23) **Uniformity**: (N) Not varying or changing in all cases and all times. The uniformity of food in some tribes of my country is very boring. //NPR News.//
 * 24) **Minority**: (N) The smaller number or part of a group. Political matters are discussed just by the minority of the population in my country. //__Reader's Choice.__//


 * Week 4**
 * 1) **Bowl**: (V) To eliminate by weapon or any other method of violence. //Two men bowled a group of young people in the small town//. //Michael Moore's movie.//
 * 2) **Spokesman**:(N) A person who speaks for others or a group. //The spokesman of the opposition political party brought many people in his movement through his arguments//. //Moore's Movie.//
 * 3) **ridiculous**:(A) Worthy of derision, something that can make someone laugh. //The end of the sketch presented by the two young men was ridiculous//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 4) **Viciousness**:(N) something characterized by vice, very immoral. //The viciousness of people in a community can send away immigrants//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 5) **Rebel**:(N) A person who resist any authority, control. //Rebels generally rise against the government. rebels in many societies are usually young people//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 6) **Consumption**:(N) The act of using up (drinking, eating or destroying).//The consumption of natural food is not common in many wealthy African families//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 7) **Coincidence**: (N) Two events occurring at the same time by mere chance. //My meeting with my friend by the road was mere coincidence//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 8) **Welfare**:(N) Good health, happiness or fortune. //Many government try to care for the welfare of their societies//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 9) **Ammunition**:(N) Material fired by any weapon. //After second world war two, many governments were working to repair the ammunition//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 10) **Bullet**:(N) A small metal projectile used for firing from small arms. //During war, army people use bullets to fire many enemies at once//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 11) **Pressure**:(N) Harassment, oppression. //In the beginning of my university life, the academic pressure was unbearable//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 12) **Promote**:(V) To help or encourage something to exist. //Cameroon's government always fight to promote peace//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 13) **Rocket**:(N) Complex tube or capsule that liberate gases to cause explosion. //The rockets used during war usually destroy society because they cause many explosions//. //Moore's movie//
 * 14) **Nuclear**:(A) Involving atomic weapons. //Nuclear wars devastate many societies in the world//. //Moore's movie.//
 * 15) **Defective**: (A) Having a flaw or being imperfect. //Sometimes grinding machines in Africa make provision of grain flour difficult//. __//Sourcework.//__
 * 16) **Unstrusful**: (A) Not trustful, person or thing on who someone relies. //My friends brother is an untrustful person, because he passes all the night outside//. __//Sourcework.//__
 * 17) **Factory**:(N) A building or group of buildings in which goods are manufactured. //The creation of many factories in the society help to fight against joblessness//. //__Sourcework.__//
 * 18) **Burglar**:(N) Person who breaks through door into people's houses with the intention to steal. //The coming of burglars in Serin's home haunted her all her life//. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 19) **Inherit:**(V) To take o0r receive a property, right, name, by succession. //The young boy inherited his father's business//. //__Sourcework__.//
 * 20) **Benefits**:(N) Something that is received as an advantage. //Jane's grant made resulted in many benefits//. __//Sourcework.//__
 * 21) **Dispatch**:(V) Sending off of a messenger or a letter. The chief dispatched the spokesman of the neighbouring tribe. //Sourcework.//
 * 22) **Irrevocably**:(A) Something that can not be revoked or changed.//The president's irrevocably decree created a rebellion in the society//. //__Sourcework.__//
 * 23) **Confession**:(N) Acknowledgment, say or recognize something. //The young man confessed his crime in court//. __//Sourcework.//__
 * 24) **Advocate**: (V) To speak or write in favor of, support by an argument. //The first lady advocated the fight against burglary in the society//. __//Sourcework.//__
 * 25) **Objectionable**:(A) Tending to cause an objection or protest. //Nina's objectionable argument made her win the debate//. //__Sourcework__.//


 * Week 5**
 * 1) **Haltingly**;(A) Hesitating in action,purpose, especially in speech. //Speaking haltingly, he said lies about the accident that ocuured//. //__Reader's Choice__//.
 * 2) **Embroidered**: (V) To decorate with ornament, needle work, especially in speech. //The table cloth was embroidered with many flowers//. //__Reader's Choice__//.
 * 3) **Pat**:(V) To use hands to flatten, smoothen or shapen something. //My mother used her hands to pat the dough into flat for//m. //__Reader's Choice__//.
 * 4) **Memoir**:(N) Usually, an account of one's personal life or experience. //After the grandmother's death, her daughter kept her memoir as a rememberance//. //__Reader's Choice__//.
 * 5) **Token**:(A) something served to represent or indicate some fact or event, or feeling. //Black dressing in Africa is a token mourning//. __Reader's Choice.__
 * 6) **Growth**:(N) Process or act of growing or increasing. //The growth of burglary is becoming an ill in the society//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 7) **Overtake**:(V) To catch up with, in travelling for erxample. //I had to overtake a bus in order to be ontime in school//. //Reader's Choice.//
 * 8) **Utmost**:(A) Something that is of the highest or greatest degree. //The meeting with my supervisor today is of an utmost importance//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 9) **Dethrone**:(V) To remove from a position, power, or authority. //The second chief of my tribe was dethroned by his brother and friends//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 10) **Forecast**:(N) To predict a future condition or occurence, or to calculate in advance. //The director of the department of economy forcasted a drop in economy in two years//. __//Reader's Choice.//__
 * 11) **Earn**: (V) To gain or get in return your labor. //Since John was very hard working in the university, he found a work that makes him earn a lot of money//. __Reader's Choice.__
 * 12) **Tourist**: A person who travels top visit a place for pleasure. //There are many tourists in Cameroon coming from America//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 13) **Discrepancy**: (N) The state o fbeing inconsistent or a difference. //The ideas in the student's work were very great, but the structure of the work had many discrepancies//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 14) **Playground**:(N) An area used for play and recreation, usually having play facilities. //The front house was a perfect playground for Tony's children//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 15) **Mangrove**:(N) Plants that grow in the tropics and have ground roots.  //Mangroves in Cameroon are usually near seas and rivers//. __//Reader's Choice.//__
 * 16) **Deforestation**:(N) A clearing, removal or destruction of trees or forests. //Deforestation can decrease the amount of oxygene in the air//. __Reader's Choice.__
 * 17) **Herbicides**: (N) A chenmical substance used to kill plants or weeds. //Herbicides are very useful in agriculture since they help to destroy weeds in large plantations//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 18) **Underpin**: (V) To support or strenghten. //Many concrete examples underpined the researcher's idea//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 19) **Disruption**:(N) Separation or division into parts. //The collision of a boat to an iceberg can cause a disruption of the bost//. //__Reader's Choice.__//
 * 20) **Dither**:(N) Emotion, a state of excitement or fear. //A glance at the awful pictures of the accident filled me with dither//. __//Reader's Choice.//__